The solute transport and binding profile of a novel nucleobase cation symporter 2 from the honeybee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae

Here, we report that a novel nucleobase cation symporter 2 encoded in the genome of the honeybee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae reveals high levels of amino acid sequence similarity to the Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis uric acid and xanthine transporters. This transporter is named P. larvae uric acid permease-like protein (PlUacP). Even though PlUacP displays overall amino acid sequence similarities, has common secondary structures, and shares functional motifs and functionally important amino acids with E. coli xanthine and uric acid transporters, these commonalities are insufficient to assign transport function to PlUacP. The solute transport and binding profile of PlUacP was determined by radiolabeled uptake experiments via heterologous expression in nucleobase transporter-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. PlUacP transports the purines adenine and guanine and the pyrimidine uracil. Hypoxanthine, xanthine, and cytosine are not transported by PlUacP, but, along with uric acid, bind in a competitive manner. PlUacP has strong affinity for adenine Km 7.04 ± 0.18 μm, and as with other bacterial and plant NCS2 proteins, PlUacP function is inhibited by the proton disruptor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. The solute transport and binding profile identifies PlUacP as a novel nucleobase transporter

Deer Meat as the Source for a Sporadic Case of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection, Connecticut1

We report a case of Escherichia coli O157:H7, which was acquired by eating wild White-Tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). DNA fingerprint analysis verified venison as the source of infection. This pediatric case emphasizes the need for dissemination of information to hunters regarding the safe handling and processing of venison

Complete Genome Sequences of Paenibacillus Larvae Phages BN12, Dragolir, Kiel007, Leyra, Likha, Pagassa, PBL1c, and Tadhana

We present here the complete genomes of eight phages that infect Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood in honeybees. Phage PBL1c was originally isolated in 1984 from a P. larvae lysogen, while the remaining phages were isolated in 2014 from bee debris, honeycomb, and lysogens from three states in the USA

Métodos para la investigación de la loque americana

American foulbrood is one of the most devastating diseases of the honey bee. It is caused by the spore-forming, Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. The recent updated genome assembly and annotation for this pathogen now permits in-depth molecular studies. In this paper, selected techniques and protocols for American foulbrood research are provided, mostly in a recipe-like format that permits easy implementation in the laboratory. Topics covered include: working with Paenibacillus larvae, basic microbiological techniques, experimental infection, and “’omics” and other sophisticated techniques. Further, this chapter covers other technical information including biosafety measures to guarantee the safe handling of this pathogen.La loque americana es una de las enfermedades más devastadoras de la abeja melífera, causada por el bacilo, formador de esporas Grampositivo Paenibacillus larvae. El reciente ensamblaje y anotación del genoma de este patógeno permite actualmente la realización de profundos estudios moleculares. En este trabajo, se proporcionan técnicas y protocolos seleccionados para la investigación de la loque americana, principalmente bajo la forma de protocolos de trabajo con una estructura similar al de las recetas, para facilitar su implementación en el laboratorio. Los temas desarrollados incluyen: el trabajo con Paenibacillus larvae, técnicas básicas microbiológicas, la infección experimental, y "'ómicas" y otras técnicas sofisticadas. Además, este capítulo abarca otro tipo de información técnica, incluyendo medidas de bioseguridad para garantizar la seguridad en el manejo de este patógeno.Trabajo publicado en Dietemann, V.; Ellis, J. D.; Neumann, P. (eds.) The Coloss Beebook, Volume II: standard methods for Apis mellifera pest and pathogen research. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52(1).Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Standard methods for American foulbrood research

American foulbrood is one of the most devastating diseases of the honey bee. It is caused by the spore-forming, Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. The recent updated genome assembly and annotation for this pathogen now permits in-depth molecular studies. In this paper, selected techniques and protocols for American foulbrood research are provided, mostly in a recipe-like format that permits easy implementation in the laboratory. Topics covered include: working with Paenibacillus larvae, basic microbiological techniques, experimental infection, and “’omics” and other sophisticated techniques. Further, this chapter covers other technical information including biosafety measures to guarantee the safe handling of this pathogen